Procedure

Mad-Pascal allows up to 8 parameters to be transferred to the procedure. There are three ways to pass parameters - by value, constant CONST and variable VAR. It is possible to use the OVERLOAD modifier to overload procedures.

Available procedure modifiers: OVERLOAD ASSEMBLER FORWARD KEEP REGISTER INTERRUPT PASCAL.

Procedure parameters are read and evaluated from right to left tests\tests-medium\function_valuation_of_arguments.pas

It is possible to recurse procedures, provided that the procedure parameters will be passed by value and will be of a simple - ordinal type. The record or pointer type will not be properly allocated in memory.

Function

Mad-Pascal allows you to transfer up to 8 parameters to the function. There are three ways to pass parameters - by value, constant CONST and variable VAR. We return the result of the function by assigning it to the function name or using the automatically declared RESULT variable, e.g:

function add(a,b: word): cardinal;
begin
  Result := a+b;
end;

function mul(a,b: word): cardinal;
begin
  mul := a*b;
end;

Available function modifiers: OVERLOAD ASSEMBLER KEEP FORWARD REGISTER INTERRUPT PASCAL

The modifier INTERRUPT is not recommended for functions.

Function parameters are read and evaluated from right to left tests\tests-medium\function_valuation_of_arguments.pas

It is possible to recurse functions, provided that the function parameters will be passed by value and will be of a simple - ordinal type. The record or pointer type will not be properly allocated in memory.

Modifiers

assembler

The procedures/functions marked by ASSEMBLER can only consist of an ASM block.

The compiler does not analyze the syntax of such blocks, treats them as a comment, possible errors are caught only during the assembly phase.

WARNING
It is required to maintain the state of the X CPU6502 register, which is used to operate the Mad-Pascal software stack.

procedure color(a: byte); assembler;
asm
{   mva a 712
};
end;

overload

Overloaded procedures/functions are recognized by the parameter list.

procedure sum(var i: integer; a,b: integer); overload;
begin
  i := a+b;
end;

procedure sum(var i: integer; a,b,c: integer); overload;
begin
  i := a+b+c;
end;

function fsum(a,b: word): cardinal; assembler; overload;
asm
{
  adw a b result
};
end;

function fsum(a,b: real): real; overload;
begin
  Result := a+b;
end;

forward

If you want the procedure/function to be declared after its first call, use the FORWARD modifier.

procedure name [(formal-parameter-list)]; forward;

...
...
...

procedure name;
begin
end;

keep

Normally unused procedure/function are excluded from the compiled code to minimize the code size. The KEEP modifier forces a procedure/function to remain in the compiled code regardless of whether its used or not. The modifier is required if the usage is inside an ASM block or a relocateable object file linked with $LINK.

register

Using REGISTER modifier causes the first three formal parameters of the procedure/function to be placed on the zero page, in 32-bit general-purpose registers EDX, ECX, EAX respectively.

procedure name (a,b,c: cardinal); register;

// a = edx
// b = ecx
// c = eax

interrupt

Procedures/Functions marked by INTERRUPT end with RTI instruction instead of the standard RTS instructon.

Regardless of whether such procedure/function is called in the program, the compiler always generates code for it.

It is recommended to use the ASM block for such procedure/function, otherwise the Mad Pascal software stack will be destroyed, which may lead to unstable program operation, including computer crashes. At the beginning of the procedure/function marked by INTERRUPT, the programmer must take care to keep the CPU registers A X Y, at the output to restore such registers, the compiler only inserts the final RTI command.

procedure dli; interrupt;
asm
{   pha

    lda #$c8
    sta wsync
    sta $d01a

    pla
};
end;             // the RTI instruction gets inserted automatically

pascal

Using the PASCAL modifier will cause procedure/function to be treated as recursive. By default, the compiler automatically detects recursion, but there may be situations where this is not possible.

Example samples/math/evaluate.pas

stdcall

Using the STDCALL modifier will force parameters to be passed to the procedure/function through the program stack. By default, the compiler tries to pass parameters through variables, without involving the program stack.

inline

The procedure, function is turned into a Mad-Assembler macro, getting rid of calls involving the JSR and RTS commands.

It is not possible to use recursion for such procedures/functions.